1. Chifukwa Chiyani Makina Ochizira Amafunikira
Masamba olondolaamagwiritsidwa ntchito mu kachitidwe makina kutikuwongolera, kuthandizira, kapena kugwirizanitsa ma shaft ozungulira kapena otsetsereka- monga mainjini, zotumizira, mapampu, ma difa, ndi malo olumikizirana makina.
Mphuno yawo yamkati iyenera kukumanamicron-zololerakuti mukhale wozungulira, wowongoka, ndi kumaliza pamwamba kuti zitsimikizidwekukangana kochepa, zoyenera zolondola, komanso moyo wautali wovala.
Mavuto Asanayambe Kulima
Pambuyo makina ochiritsira (wotopetsa, kubowola, kapena kubwezeretsanso), them'mimba mwake wa bushingnthawi zambiri amakhala ndi:
Zochepampandakapenakunja-kwa{1}}kuzungulira
Zizindikiro za chida kapena wavinesskuchokera ku makina
Kupatuka kwa dimensionalkuchokera ku kutentha kapena kupanikizika kwa clamping
Kumapeto kwapamwamba sikuli kosalala mokwanira (Ra> 0.6 µm)
Kupanda ungwiro koteroko kumabweretsa:
Kusinthasintha kwa shaft kapena kukakamira,
Kuthamanga kwachangu komanso kuthamanga kwa magazi,
Osauka mafuta posungira, ndi
Kulephera kwachigawo msanga.
Chifukwa chake, makina owongolera amafunikira:
Kukwaniritsakulondola komalizamkati mwa ± 1–2 µm.
Zolondolazolakwika za geometry(oval, taper, mawonekedwe a mbiya).
Pangani akumalizidwa pamwambandi yunifolomu crosshatch chitsanzo chosungira mafuta.
Sinthaniumphumphu pamwambapochotsa kupsinjika kwa makina otsalira kapena ma burrs.
Onetsetsani akukwanira bwino ndi kulinganizapakati pa shaft ndi bushing.
2. Ntchito za Honing Machine mu Bushing Manufacturing
| Ntchito | Kufotokozera | Zotsatira / Phindu |
|---|---|---|
| Kuwongolera kwa Geometry | Amachotsa zolakwika za mawonekedwe (taper, mbiya, ovality). | Amakwaniritsa zozungulira zenizeni ndi kufanana. |
| Dimensional Control | Imachotsa ma micron azinthu kuti ifike pa ID yomaliza. | Otsimikiza amakanikiza-fit kapena slip-kulondola molondola. |
| Kumaliza Pamwamba | Amachepetsa roughness mpaka Ra 0.1–0.4 µm. | Imathandizira kuyenda kosalala kwa shaft ndikuchepetsa kukangana. |
| Crossshatch Generation | Amapanga mizere yopingasa yoyendetsedwa. | Imasunga filimu yopaka mafuta panthawi yogwira ntchito. |
| Kuchepetsa Kupsinjika & Kuwongolera M'mphepete | Amachotsa m'mbali zakuthwa ndi kupsinjika kotsalira. | Imateteza kuluma, kugoletsa, ndi kuwonongeka kwa zisindikizo. |
| Consistency Ponse Kupanga | CNC ndi chakudya chodziwikiratu chimasunga kubwereza. | Ubwino wofanana muzopanga{0}}zochuluka kwambiri. |
3. Momwe Honing Process imachitikira (Step-by-Step)
Khwerero 1: Pre-Machining
The bushing blank ndiwobowoleza kapena wotopampaka kukula pafupifupi0.05-0.15 mm kukula kwakekuchokera m'mimba mwake chandamale.
Zinthu zakuthupi ndizobronze, mkuwa, chitsulo, kapena sintered zitsulokutengera ntchito.
Malo opangidwa kale-nthawi zambiri amawonetsa zida ndi zolakwika pang'ono.
Khwerero 2: Kukhazikitsa ndi Kukonza
The bushing ndi clamped mu achojambula kapena colletkuonetsetsa kuyanjanitsa bwino kwa bore axis ndi honing spindle.
A cholimba kapena choyandamaangagwiritsidwe ntchito malinga ndi kulolerana amafuna.
Kukonzekera koyenera kumalepheretsa kusalinganika molakwika komanso kuchotsedwa kwa katundu.
Gawo 3: Kusankha Chida
A kakang'ono-diameter honing mandrelamasankhidwa kuti agwirizane ndi kukula kwake.
Mandrel amanyamulaabrasive miyala yowonjezera, zopangidwa ndialuminium oxide, silicon carbide, kapenasuperabrasives (diamondi/CBN)kwa zipangizo zolimba.
Honing mafutakapenaemulsion oziziraimaperekedwa kuti ichotse zinyalala ndikuziziritsa malo ogwirira ntchito.
Khwerero 4: Kuwongolera magwiridwe antchito
Njirayi ikuphatikizazochita zitatu zogwirizana:
Kasinthasintha- Chida chowongolera chimazungulira mozungulira (100-600 rpm).
Kubwezerana- Chidacho chimayenda mmbuyo ndi mtsogolo kudzera pa bore.
Kukula kwa Radial- Miyala ya abrasive imakanikizidwa kunja ndi kuwongolera kwa hydraulic kapena makina.
Pamodzi, zosintha izi zimapangacrosshatch pattern (madigiri 30 -45 digiri)ndi kuchotsa zinthu zing'onozing'ono mofanana pamtunda.
Zolinga zazikulu za ndondomeko:
Konzani zolakwika za mawonekedwe chifukwa chotopetsa.
Bweretsani kukula kwa bore mpaka kulolerana komaliza.
Yosalala komanso "plateau" pamwamba pamayendedwe abwino opaka mafuta.
Khwerero 5: Mu-Kuyesa ndi Kusintha
Kwa -zambiri zolondola,zoyezera mpweya kapena -kupanga makina oyezera borepitilizani kuyang'anira ID.
Makinawa amasintha okha kuthamanga kwa miyala kapena chakudya kuti apitirize kulolerana.
Gawo 6: Kumaliza Gawo
Miyala yabwino kwambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito podutsa (nthawi zambiri 800-1200 grit).
Kumaliza komaliza kwapamwamba komwe kumachitika kawirikawiri kumakhala:
Ra 0.1-0.4 µm
Kuzungulira Kuchepera kapena kufanana ndi 2 µm
Kuwongoka Kuchepera kapena kufanana ndi 3 µm pa 100 mm kutalika
Gawo 7: Kuyeretsa ndi Kuyang'anira
The honed bushing amatsukidwa pogwiritsa ntchito zosungunulira kapena akupanga njira kuchotsa abrasive particles.
Bore amawunikiridwa:
Kulondola kwa Diameter(micrometer kapena air gauge)
Kuzungulira ndi cylindricity(zoyesa zozungulira)
Mapangidwe apamwamba(profilometer)
Zomera zimakhala zokonzeka kuwongoleredwa, kuwonjezedwa, kapena kukanikiza-kukokera.
4. Zofananira za Honing za Precision Bushings
| Parameter | Mtundu Wofananira | Cholinga |
|---|---|---|
| Bore Diameter | 5 mm-100 mm | Common bushing range |
| Kuchotsa Zinthu Zofunika | 0.02 - 0.15 mm chonse | Kukula komaliza ndi kukonza |
| Crosshatch angle | 30 -45 digiri | Kusungidwa bwino kwa mafuta |
| Pamwamba Pamwamba (Ra) | 0.1 – 0.4 µm | Kuyenda kosalala ndi kuwongolera mavalidwe |
| Kulekerera | ±1–2 µm | Press kapena slip koyenera molondola |
| Honing Stone Material | Al₂O₃ / SiC / Diamondi / CBN | Zimatengera maziko |
| Honing Speed | 100-600 rpm kuzungulira / 5-20 m / min sitiroko | Kudula moyenera ndi kumaliza |
5. Ubwino Wolemekeza Zomera Zolondola
Shaft yabwino - yoboola bwinondi kuwongolera kolimba.
Kuchepetsa kukangana ndi kuvala, kukonza magwiridwe antchito amakina.
Kusungidwa bwino kwa mafuta, chifukwa cha crosshatch surface.
Kuchepetsa phokoso ndi kugwedezekapa ntchito.
Utali wautali wa moyo wa gawo, makamaka pansi pa katundu wambiri kapena liwiro.
Kulondola kwakukulu kwa msonkhanokwa ziwalo zokwerera (mitsinje, zikhomo, zitsogozo).
6. Makina Ochizira Omwe Amagwiritsidwa Ntchito Popanga Zomera
| Mtundu wa Makina | Mawonekedwe | Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mwachizolowezi |
|---|---|---|
| Vertical Honing Machine | Mapazi ang'onoang'ono; mphamvu yokoka{0}}mayitanidwe othandizira. | Kupanga tchire kakang'ono mpaka kakang'ono. |
| Horizontal Honing Machine | Kutalika kwa stroke; kuwongolera kwapamwamba kwa geometry. | Zitsamba zazitali kapena zazikulu-zozungulira. |
| Multi-Spindle Honing Machine | Mabomba angapo amawongoleredwa nthawi imodzi. | Kupanga kwakukulu kwa ma bushings (magalimoto, ma hydraulics). |
| CNC Honing Machine | Sevo-yomwe imayang'aniridwa ndi{1}}pakuyezera. | Zapamwamba-zamlengalenga ndi zida zaukadaulo. |
7. Mwachidule
Pakupanga bushing molondola,kulemekeza ndikofunikaposintha bore lopangidwa ndi makina kukhala azinchito mwatsatanetsatane pamwamba.
Zimapangitsa kuti chitsamba chilichonse chiperekedwe:
Kusakanikirana kwa shaft,
Kuyenda kosalala kozungulira kapena kutsetsereka, ndi
Kudalirika-kwanthawi yayitali kumakuchulukira.
Mwachidule:
Kubowola ndi wotopetsafotokozani dzenje.
Honingimapanga malo olondola kwambiri.
