Monga zida zamakina olondola, magwiridwe antchito ndi moyo wamakina owongolera zimadalira kwambiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Panthawi ya honing, mbali zake zimakhala ndi kuthamanga kwambiri,{1}}kugundana pafupipafupi, komanso kuwononga kwa zoziziritsa kukhosi. Chifukwa chake, zinthuzo ziyenera kukhala ndi kuuma kwakukulu, kukana kwambiri kuvala, kukana kutopa, komanso kukana dzimbiri. Nkhaniyi ifotokozanso za mfundo zosankhidwa ndi zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamakina ofunikira kwambiri.
1. Kusankha Zinthu Zopangira Mitu
Honing mutu ndiye chigawo chachikulu cha honing makina, mwachindunji kukhudzana workpiece. Zake zakuthupi zimakhudza mwachindunji kulondola kwa makina ndi magwiridwe antchito. Zida zodziwika bwino za honing mutu ndizo:
Carbide (monga WC-Co): Imakhala yolimba kwambiri komanso yosasunthika, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yoyenera-kuhona molunjika, koma imakhala yolimba pang'ono ndipo imakonda kulimba.
Ceramics (monga Al₂O₃ ndi SiC): Amathandizira-kutentha kwambiri ndi kuzizira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zoyenera kuwongolera{1}liwiro kwambiri. Komabe, nawonso ndi osalimba ndipo amafunikira kamangidwe koyenera.
Chitsulo cholimba (monga Cr12MoV ndi SKD11): Chimakhala cholimba kwambiri (HRC 60+) kupyolera mu chithandizo cha kutentha, kumapereka mphamvu zonse ndi kukana kuvala pamtengo wokwanira komanso kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri.
2. Honing Ndodo ndi Spindle Zida
Ndodo zopota ndi zopota zimatha kunyamula katundu mosinthasintha komanso kukangana kozungulira, zomwe zimafuna kutopa kwakukulu komanso kusasunthika.
Structural alloy steel (monga 40Cr ndi 20CrMnTi): Ikatenthedwa kapena kubisa, imakhala yolimba komanso yosatha, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yoyenera pakalemedwe-pakatikati.
Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri (monga 38CrMoAlA): Nitriding imapangitsa kuti HV ikhale yolimba kwambiri 900+, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zisawonongeke-zosamva komanso kusamva{3}}zosagwira ntchito, zoyenerera{4}}zolondola komanso zazitali{5}zogwiritsa ntchito moyo wawo wonse.
-aloyi amphamvu (monga titaniyamu aloyi): Opepuka komanso apamwamba-amphamvu, koma okwera mtengo, makamaka omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'makina apadera apamwamba{2}}akumapeto.
3. Malangizo a Sleeve ndi Zida Zonyamula
Bokosi lowongolera limatsimikizira kulondola kwakuyenda kwa mutu wa honing, pomwe kunyamula kumakhudza kukhazikika kozungulira. Zida zawo ziyenera kupereka kugunda kochepa komanso kukana kuvala kwambiri:
Ma aloyi amkuwa (monga ZCuSn10Pb1): Kudzitchinjiriza kopambana-koyenera kukhala ndi manja otsika-owongolera liwiro.
Zokhala ndi zitsulo (monga GCr15): Zitsulo zapamwamba-za carbon chromium zolimba kwambiri (HRC 60+) zitazimitsidwa, zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popiringitsa.
Mapulasitiki aumisiri (monga PEEK ndi PTFE): Osagwira-osagwirana komanso otsika-akugunda, oyenera kuloŵa mopepuka kapena malo apadera (monga makampani opanga mankhwala).
4. Dongosolo Lozizira ndi Zida Zosindikizira
Zoziziritsira zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poweta, kotero kuti zomatira ndi zonyowa zimayenera kusachita dzimbiri-zosachita dzimbiri:
Raba ya Nitrile (NBR): Mafuta-osamva kutentha-osamva kutentha, oyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo ozizira ozizira.
Fluorocarbon rabara (FKM): Kugonjetsedwa ndi asidi amphamvu ndi alkalis, oyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo ovuta kwambiri.
Zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri kapena mphete zomata za ceramic: Zimakhala zolimba kwambiri-zosamva bwino komanso zogwira ntchito-kwanthawi yayitali, zokhazikika.
5. Mfundo Zofunika Kwambiri Posankha Zinthu
Kusavala: Mutu ndi ulusi wopota zimayenera kupirira-zowonongeka kwanthawi yayitali.
Kukhazikika kwamafuta: Pakuwotcha-liwiro kwambiri, zinthuzo ziyenera kupewa kuwonongeka kwa kutentha.
Kuchita bwino pazachuma: Poonetsetsa kuti zinthu zikuyenda bwino, yang'anani mtengo-zofunika kwambiri.
Processability: Zinthuzo ziyenera kukhala zosavuta kupanga makina, kutentha, ndi kusonkhanitsa.
Mapeto
Kusankhidwa kwazinthu zamakina opangira makina kumafuna kulingalira mozama za momwe magwiridwe antchito, magwiridwe antchito, ndi mtengo wake. Carbide, chitsulo cholimba, ndi alloy structural steel ndi njira zofala-zochita bwino kwambiri, pomwe zida zatsopano monga zoumba ndi mapulasitiki a engineering zikugwiranso ntchito yofunika kwambiri. M'tsogolomu, kupita patsogolo kwa sayansi ya zinthu, zipangizo zatsopano zopepuka, zosavala kwambiri-zosatha, ndiponso zosachita dzimbiri{4}}zidzapititsa patsogolo chitukuko cha umisiri wamakina.
