Pamene mafunde a Viwanda 4.0 ndi kupanga mwanzeru akusesa padziko lonse lapansi, machitidwe owongolera zoyenda, monga malo ofunikira kwambiri olumikizira zimango, zamagetsi, ndiukadaulo wazidziwitso, akukonzanso nkhope yamakampani amakono mwakuya kosaneneka. Kuchokera pamitu yoyika ma chip yokhala ndi ma micron-kuyika pamlingo wokhazikika pazida zopakira zamagetsi mpaka maloboti otha kuwulutsa magalimoto okwanira sikisi pamphindi pamizere yatsopano yopangira mphamvu; kuyambira pa-zida zamakina a axis CNC zolondola zosakwana 0.01 mm mumtali-machining a sitima yapamtunda wothamanga kupita ku magalimoto otsogola (AGVs) omwe amagwira ntchito 24/7 m'malo osungiramo katundu{8}}zimene zimawoneka ngati zosiyana pazochitika zonse zaukadaulo: machitidwe onse aukadaulo. Ma Motion Control System si "nerve center" yokha ya zida zapamwamba{10}komanso ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri la mpikisano wopangira dziko.
Mbiri Yamakampani: Njira Yachisinthiko kuchokera ku Mechanical Transmission kupita ku Intelligent Collaboration
Chofunikira pa kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kamwemwemwe kapa kapadwedwe kapanganinganinganidwe ukusebenza okuyi50 KA00jojojojojojojojojojombombombombo kokolisayo konelashonishonishoniweweweweshonishoniyishoniyinali, Page 12 of 11 (monga ma motors ndi ma hydraulic cylinders) kuti zitsimikizire kuyenda kwa zinthu zoyendetsedwa motsatira njira yokonzedweratu. Mbiri yake yachitukuko ndi mbiri yakale yakusintha kwaukadaulo wamafakitale: Zaka za m'ma 1950 zisanachitike, makamera amakina ndi makina a hydraulic servo anali ambiri. Komabe, chifukwa cha kugwirizana kolimba ndi kukonza zolakwika pamanja, machitidwewo anali ochedwa kuyankha ndipo anali ndi zolondola zochepa, zomwe zimakwaniritsa zofunikira za ntchito zosavuta monga makina a nsalu ndi makina osindikizira. M'zaka za m'ma 1960 ndi 1970, ndi kutuluka kwa ma DC servo motors ndi olamulira ma analogi, kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kabwino kake. Pambuyo pa zaka za m'ma 1980, kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo wa AC servo ndi kutchuka kwa ma microprocessors (monga PLCs ndi DSPs) kunasintha kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake kuchoka ku "zida zapadera" kupita ku "pulatifomu-yantchito zonse," komanso kugawa kwantchito ndi mgwirizano pakati pa owongolera malingaliro osinthika (PLCs) ndi zowongolera zosinthika pang'onopang'ono. M'zaka za zana la 21, kuphatikiza kozama kwa mauthenga a digito (monga EtherCAT ndi PROFINET), fusion fusion (encoders + vision + force sensing), ndi ma algorithms anzeru ochita kupanga adayambitsa mbadwo watsopano wa machitidwe anzeru oyendetsa kayendetsedwe kake. Izi sizimangosintha nthawi yeniyeni kuti zigwirizane ndi mmene zinthu zimagwirira ntchito, komanso zimathekanso kuti{14}}zigwirizane ndi zipangizo zonse kudzera mu Industrial Internet, n'kukhala ukadaulo wothandiza kwambiri popanga zinthu mwanzeru.
Msika wapadziko lonse lapansi wowongolera mayendedwe pano uli ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana ampikisano. Makampani a ku Ulaya (monga Siemens ndi Bosch Rexroth), akugwiritsa ntchito ukatswiri wawo wamakatronics, amalamulira-ma CNC apamwamba komanso zida zolemetsa-zolemetsa. Opanga ku Japan (monga Yaskawa ndi Panasonic), odziwika chifukwa chodalirika kwambiri komanso kuwongolera pang'ono, amapambana m'magawo amagetsi ogula ndi ma robotiki. Makampani aku America (monga Rockwell ndi Kollmorgen) amayang'ana kwambiri-mapulogalamu apamwamba monga ma semiconductors ndi azamlengalenga, kutsindika-kuwongolera kolondola kwambiri. Dziko la China, lomwe ndi msika waukulu kwambiri padziko lonse wopangira zinthu, lakwanitsa kusintha ma servos m'nyumba, m'ma- ndi -ma PLC otsika, ndi njira zotsogola padziko lonse lapansi{10}}njira zothetsera mavuto m'mafakitale ongotukuka kumene monga ma photovoltaics ndi mabatire a lifiyamu kudzera mu malangizo a mfundo (monga "Made in China 2025") ndi makampani otukuka m'deralo monga Technology innovation Estun).
Kufunika kwa Makampani: Zambiri-Zothandizira Zapamwamba Zomwe Zimathandizira Kwambiri-Kukulitsa Ubwino
Kufunika kwa njira zamakina owongolera zoyenda kumapitilira kupambana kwaukadaulo. Zilinso mu kulimbikitsa kwawo kokwanira pakukweza kwa mafakitale, kupititsa patsogolo kachulukidwe kazinthu, komanso kupanga chikhalidwe cha anthu.
Choyamba, zikuyimira kupambana pothana ndi zolepheretsa kupanga -zida zapamwamba kwambiri. Pazida zopangira ma semiconductor, gawo la wafer la makina a lithography liyenera kuyenda masentimita khumi pa sekondi imodzi ndi nanometer{2}}kulondola mulingo. Ma algorithms ake owongolera ma mayendedwe ndi ma core components (monga ma linear motors ndi ma encoder apamwamba-resolution encoder) zimatsimikizira mwachindunji malire apamwamba akupanga tchipisi. Pokonza blade ya injini ya ndege, vuto la makina oyendera ndege-liyenera kukhala lochepera 0.005 mm, apo ayi blade idzalephera kugwira ntchito. M'mbuyomu, umisiri woterewu{9}}unkalamulidwa ndi mayiko akunja kwa nthawi yaitali, zomwe zikulepheretsa chitukuko cha mafakitale monga ndege zazikulu ndi{10}zida zapamwamba kwambiri zojambula zachipatala m'dziko lathu. M’zaka zaposachedwapa, zimene opanga makampani akupanga m’nyumba zikuluzikulu monga ma servo drives ndi ma real-time operating systems (RTOS) zachepetsa mtengo wa zipangizo (pomwe mitengo ya zinthu zina yatsika ndi 40%) komanso zatsimikizira chitetezo cha mafakitale.
Kachiwiri, imakhala ngati "neural mlatho" wosinthira kukhala wanzeru kupanga. M'kapangidwe ka Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), makina owongolera zoyenda amakhala ndi gawo lalikulu mu "ndondomeko"{1}}amalandila malangizo opangidwa kuchokera ku MES (Manufacturing Execution System), amawola ntchitozo m'mayendedwe enaake agalimoto pogwiritsa ntchito{2}}njira zowongolera nthawi, ndipo amapanga looploop yotseka{3} Mwachitsanzo, m'mizere yosinthika yamagalimoto, makina owongolera anzeru amatha kugwirizanitsa nthawi imodzi maloboti ambiri kuti amalize kuwotcherera ndikupenta pamagalimoto osiyanasiyana, kuchepetsa nthawi yosinthira kuchoka pamwambo wa maola anayi mpaka mphindi 10. Mu 3C electronics assembly, vision -guided motion control imathandiza makina oyika tchipisi kuti amalize kuyika zigawo ndi kuziyika mumasekondi 0.1, kuchulukitsa zokolola kufika pa 99.99%. Kugwirizana kumeneku kwa "perception{12}}chigamulo{13}}kachitidwe" ndi chizindikiro chofunikira chomwe chimasiyanitsa kupanga mwanzeru ndi makina akale.
Chachitatu, imagwira ntchito ngati "injini yogwira ntchito bwino" pakupanga zobiriwira ndi zotsika-za carbon. Poyang'anira bwino mphamvu ya injini yotulutsa mphamvu ndi njira yoyenda, makina oyenda amatha kuchepetsa kuwononga mphamvu. Mwachitsanzo, m'malo mwa ma asynchronous motors ndi ma servo drive mumakina a nsalu kumatha kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ndi 30%. M'makina osankha zinthu, AGV kukonza ma aligorivimu potengera kukhathamiritsa kwa njira kumatha kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zonse ndi 25%. Komanso, kupita patsogolo kwa ukadaulo wowongolera zinthu kwalimbikitsanso mamangidwe opepuka-mamotor ang'onoang'ono komanso kuthamanga mwachangu komanso nthawi yochepetsera kumatanthauza kuchepa kwa zinthu komanso kugwiritsa ntchito malo, zomwe zimagwirizana kwambiri ndi zomwe zimafunikira pachitukuko cha zolinga za "dual carbon".
Chachinayi, imagwira ntchito ngati malo oyesera kulumikizana kwaukadaulo ndi luso. Kuvuta kwa makina owongolera zoyenda kumawapangitsa kukhala momwe angagwiritsire ntchito bwino-ziwiya zamakono monga nzeru zopangapanga, zida zatsopano, ndi quantum sensing. Ma algorithms ozama atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzekera zolosera, kuzindikira zolephereka pasadakhale posanthula kugwedezeka ndi kutentha. Kugwiritsa ntchito zida zamagetsi za silicon carbide (SiC) kwawonjezera kuthamanga kwa ma servo drive ndi nthawi 10. Ma Quantum gyroscope amayembekezeredwa kuti apereke-kuyezetsa kolondola kwambiri kwa kayendedwe ka mumlengalenga. Njira yamitundu yosiyanasiyanayi sikuti imangokulitsa malire aukadaulo a kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka anthu.
Kutsiliza: Njira Zofunikira za Tsogolo
Kuchokera pamakina opatsirana mu nthawi ya nthunzi kupita ku mgwirizano wanzeru m'zaka za digito, kusintha kwa kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake Potengera kuchulukirachulukira kwa mpikisano wamakampani opanga zinthu padziko lonse lapansi komanso kufunikira kwachangu kukweza mafakitale apanyumba, makina owongolera zoyenda si njira yokhayo yothetsera vuto la "kudalira katundu wochokera kunja-zida zomaliza," komanso injini yofunika kwambiri pokulitsa{2}zokolola zabwino zatsopano ndi kulimbikitsa{3}chitukuko chapamwamba chachuma chenicheni. Kwa akatswiri, izi zimabweretsa zovuta zonse zaukadaulo (monga kukhathamiritsa ma aligorivimu ambiri-ndi axis coordinated control algorithms ndi kukhazikitsa edge intelligence) ndi mwayi wochita zinthu zatsopano (monga kuwongolera kolumikizana kwa maloboti a humanoid ndi kukonza kwa microgravity pazida zakuthambo). M'dziko lino, kusungitsa ndalama mosadukiza mu kafukufuku wofunikira (monga chiphunzitso chosagwirizana ndi njira zowongolera), zida zazikulu (monga{7}}zosindikiza zolondola kwambiri ndi ma module amphamvu), ndi chilengedwe cha mafakitale (monga kukhazikika kokhazikika ndi kukulitsa luso) ndizofunikira kwambiri kuti tithe kuchitapo kanthu pa mpikisanowu womwe umadalira mpikisano wam'tsogolo.
Ndi chitukuko champhamvu chamakampani omwe akutukuka kumene monga opanga mwanzeru, mphamvu zatsopano, ndi biomedicine, makina owongolera zoyenda sadzakhalanso kumbuyo--kwa osewera. M'malo mwake, adzakhala teknoloji yodziwika bwino ya nthawi yamakampani yotsatira, yopereka nzeru zambiri, kusinthasintha, komanso kuyanjana ndi chilengedwe.
